Cctv newsAccording to the news released by the Customs, according to the relevant laws and regulations of China and the regulations of the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the Republic of Benin on the plant quarantine requirements for Benin’s fresh pineapple exported to China, Benin’s fresh pineapple that meets the following relevant requirements is allowed to be imported from now on.

　　I. Inspection and Quarantine Basis

　　(1) Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC);

　　(2) People’s Republic of China (PRC) Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law and its implementing regulations;

　　(3) People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law and its implementing regulations;

　　(4) Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Inspection and Quarantine of Imported Fruits;

　　(5) Protocol between the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the Republic of Benin on Plant Quarantine Requirements for Fresh Pineapple Exported to China in Benin.

　　II. Names of commodities allowed to enter the country

　　Fresh Pineapple (hereinafter referred to as pineapple), scientific name Ananas comosus, English name Pineapple.

　　III. Permitted place of origin

　　Benin pineapple producing area.

　　4. Approved orchards, packaging plants, fumigation facilities and exporters

　　Pineapple orchards, packaging plants, fumigation facilities and exporters exported to China shall be examined and filed in the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the Republic of Benin (hereinafter referred to as Beifang), and registered by the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China). The registration information shall include the name, address and registration number. Before the export season every year, Beifang needs to provide the Chinese side with the registration list, which will be published on the website of the General Administration of Customs after being examined and approved by the Chinese side.

　　V. Quarantine pests of concern to China

　　1. Cryptophlebia leucotreta, a small apple moth.

　　2. Papaya show mealybug Paracoccus marginatus

　　3. Phenacoccus madeirensis, a mealybug.

　　4. Planococcoides njalensis, a mealybug of Nirilan

　　Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, a mealybug of Jack Bell

　　6. Pseudococcus longispinus, a Pseudococcus pseudocaudatus.

　　7. Fusarium guttiforme of banana leaf blight (Fusarium moniliforme)

　　VI. Pre-export requirements

　　(1) Orchard management.

　　1. Orchards exported to China should establish and implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), maintain the sanitary conditions of orchards, clean up the fallen fruits in time, and implement IPM, including pest monitoring and investigation, chemical or biological control, agricultural operations and other prevention and control measures to avoid or minimize the occurrence of quarantine pests on pineapples that China is concerned about.

　　2. Beifang should make a management plan for quarantine pests concerned by China and organize orchard monitoring according to the requirements of International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No.6 (ISPM 6). Comprehensive pest management measures must be provided by shellfish to China upon request before the start of trade. Monitoring and prevention of pests should be carried out under the guidance of professional and technical personnel. Technical personnel shall be trained by Beifang or its authorized institutions.

　　3. Orchards exported to China should keep records of pest monitoring, investigation and control for at least two years, and shellfish should provide them to China upon request. The records of pest monitoring and prevention and control shall at least include the monitoring time, the names of pests found and the prevention and control measures taken; The records of chemical prevention and control shall include the names, active ingredients, concentrations, application dates and other detailed information of all chemical reagents used in the growing season.

　　4. Management measures for quarantine pests.

　　(1) In order to control the occurrence of pests or maintain the low epidemic level of pests, comprehensive management measures should be taken in pineapple producing areas, including chemical control, biological control and mating interference measures, or other control methods.

　　(2) In view of the pests concerned by China, such as mealybug papaya, mealybug mealybug, mealybug Nirilan, mealybug jack and mealybug pseudocaudatus, it is necessary to carry out monitoring and investigation during the growing season, and at least once every two weeks from the flowering period to the end of the harvest period. The investigation focuses on observing whether there are target pests in fruits, stems and leaves. If pests are found in monitoring, preventive measures including chemical or biological control should be taken in time to control the occurrence of pests or maintain a low epidemic level of pests.

　　(3) In view of banana leaf blight, Beifang should establish orchard monitoring system, strengthen orchard management, and conduct field monitoring investigation once every two weeks during the pineapple growing period. If suspicious symptoms are found, samples should be taken in time and sent to the laboratory for identification; If it is confirmed as banana leaf blight, the related plants must be eradicated and inactivated. At the same time, strengthen the investigation and monitoring of the orchard.

　　(2) Management of packaging plants.

　　1. The processing, packaging, storage and shipment of pineapples exported to China shall be carried out under the quarantine supervision of Beifang or its authorized officials.

　　2. The post-harvest processing and packaging of pineapple must be carried out in a registered packaging factory, and it should be manually picked, screened, brushed or washed with a high-pressure air gun or water gun to ensure that the crown and fruit are free of insects, mites, mollusks (such as snails), rotten fruits, grass seeds, plant residues and soil.

　　3. Packaged pineapples should be put into storage immediately and stored separately to avoid reinfection by pests.

　　4. The packaging factory should establish a traceability system to ensure that the pineapples exported to China can be traced back to the registered orchard, and should record the date of processing and packaging, the name of the pineapple source orchard or its registration number, the number of pineapples, the date of export, the export quantity, the country of export, the container number and other information. If chemicals are used during processing, the date, name, effective components and dosage of the chemicals shall be recorded. Records should be kept for at least two years.

　　(3) Packaging and transportation requirements.

　　1. The packaging materials shall be clean, sanitary and unused, and meet the requirements of China on plant quarantine.

　　2. Each packing box must be marked with information such as fruit name, export country, producing area (province, city or county), orchard name or its registration number, packaging factory name or its registration number in English. Each packing box and tray shall be marked "Exported to the People’ in Chinese or English; s Republic of China”。

　　3. The container should be inspected before loading and transporting Chinese pineapple to ensure that the container has good sanitary conditions. Necessary pest control measures should be taken when packing.

　　4. If wooden packaging is used, it must meet the relevant requirements of the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No.15 (ISPM 15).

　　(4) Requirements for quarantine treatment.

　　Under the supervision of Beifang, the pineapple exported to China should be fumigated with methyl bromide against the apple moth, and the fumigation treatment indexes are as follows: the temperature is above 21.1°C, the dosage of fumigant is 32 g/m3, the duration of atmospheric fumigation is not less than 2h, and the minimum concentration during fumigation should be 0.5h and 26 g/m3；; 2h，16 g/m3。

　　(5) Quarantine before export.

　　1. In the first two years of pineapple export trade to China, Beifang shall conduct sampling inspection for each batch of goods according to the proportion of 2%, and conduct fruit cutting inspection for 3% of the sample fruits, and the number of fruit cutting for each batch of goods shall not be less than 60. If there is no plant quarantine problem in the first two years, shellfish can reduce the sampling inspection ratio to 1%.

　　2. If the living quarantine pests concerned by China are found, the whole batch of goods shall not be exported to China. Suspend the relevant orchards, packaging plants or fumigation facilities until Beifang finds out the reasons and takes effective improvement measures. The Belgian side shall keep relevant records and provide them to the Chinese side upon request.

　　(6) requirements for plant quarantine certificates.

　　For the goods that have passed the quarantine inspection, Beifang shall issue a plant quarantine certificate, indicating the name of the orchard and packaging factory or its registration number and container number. In the additional statement, it is indicated that: "This consideration complications with the requirements specified in the protocol of phytosanitary requirements for export of fresh pine fruits. From Benin to China, and is free from quarantine pests of concern to China. "(This batch of goods meets the requirements of Benin’s plant quarantine protocol for fresh pineapple exported to China, without quarantine pests concerned by China).

　　At the same time, in the column of quarantine treatment of plant quarantine certificate, the dosage, duration and treatment temperature of methyl bromide used in fumigation treatment, as well as the name of fumigation treatment enterprise or its registration number should also be indicated.

　　Before the start of the project, Beifang should provide samples of phytosanitary certificates to China for confirmation and filing.

　　Seven, entry inspection and quarantine and unqualified treatment

　　When pineapples arrive at the entry port of China, China Customs shall carry out quarantine inspection according to the following requirements.

　　(1) Verification of relevant certificates and marks.

　　1. Check whether the imported pineapple has obtained the Entry Animal and Plant Quarantine Permit;

　　2. Check whether the plant quarantine certificate complies with the provisions of Item (6) of Article 6 of this announcement;

　　3. Check whether the mark on the packing box meets the provisions of Item (3) of Article 6 of this announcement.

　　(2) Entry inspection and quarantine.

　　1. Pineapples exported to China should enter the country from the port where China allows the import of fruits.

　　2. Carry out inspection and quarantine according to relevant laws, administrative regulations and rules, and those who pass the inspection and quarantine shall be allowed to enter the country.

　　(3) Unqualified handling.

　　1. If it is found that it comes from an unapproved orchard, packaging factory or fumigation treatment facility, the goods are not allowed to enter the country.

　　2. If the quarantine pests concerned by China or the new quarantine pests in Benin are found alive, the goods will be returned, destroyed or disinfected.

　　3. If it is found that it does not meet the national food safety standards of China, the goods will be returned or destroyed.

　　4. If the above unqualified conditions are found, the Chinese side will inform the Belgian side, and suspend the export of pineapples to China by relevant orchards, packaging plants or fumigation facilities in this export season as appropriate. The Belgian side should conduct an investigation to find out the reasons and implement corresponding improvement measures. China will decide whether to cancel the suspension measures according to the rectification results of Benin.

　　It is hereby announced.

　　General Administration of Customs

　　September 5, 2023

This summer

Temperatures in many parts of the country hit a historical record.

Since the ambush

Only air conditioners, fans and cold drinks can "continue life"

But when it comes to "cold drinks", many parents wave their hands again and again.

High in sugar, oil and calories.

Better eat fruit.

After all, summer

It is a good season to eat fruit.

not only that；nay

There is a way to eat fruit.

But it’s better than "cold drink"

that is

"Frozen" to eat!

Frozen fruit is better than you think.

Many people say that since eating frozen fruit, even ice cream is inferior!

The delicious ice cream mainly depends on fat, protein and sugar. Wherein fat and protein provide mouthfeel.

Protein will seize the "water" molecules in sugar water to form bound water; Fat is broken up to form small fat balls, which are combined with protein and water, and they work together to form a smoother and more delicate taste.

This kind of taste can also be found in frozen durian.

Moreover, even though durian is already the king of calories in fruits, reaching 150kcal/100g, it is just a low-fat product compared with ice cream.

In addition to durian, there are bananas, which are also comparable to ice cream.

At the same time, researchers in many countries believe that super-processed foods (ice cream, chocolate, cakes, potato chips) and so on are positively related to obesity. High calorie is not the main problem of these foods. The bigger problem is that they are often high in sugar, fat and salt, and rarely provide diversified nutrition. They can be obtained everywhere and are particularly easy to eat more.

Delicious, nutritious and not fat, frozen fruit is really worth a try.

Recommended frozen fruit "red list"

Frozen fruit is delicious, but not all fruits are suitable to be thrown into the refrigerator.

Only those with high sweetness (ripe), fine texture, delicate and smooth taste of ice cream or cool and refreshing smoothies are suitable for freezing.

Specifically recommend several models for everyone:

Frozen durian can be described as a "perfect substitute" for dessert. protein and fat are high, so it will taste like ice cream, but durian is also high in sugar. Children who control their weight should not be greedy!

one

Banana is high in potassium and low in sodium, which is the best choice for quick energy supplement. The taste of frozen bananas is also very similar to that of ice cream, and the taste is soft and waxy like adding cream. However, it needs to be reminded that frozen bananas should be peeled before freezing, otherwise they will be frostbitten.

2

Mango has a high carotene content, 45 to 104 times that of apple, which is helpful to improve night blindness, and it is also a selenium-rich food. The frozen mango has a more fragrant aroma and a fine and soft taste. However, it is best to peel mangoes after freezing, and it is best to choose ripe mangoes for freezing.

three

Jackfruit is a high-potassium food. After freezing, its taste is crisp and waxy, so it is worth a try. However, the sugar content of jackfruit is very high, so children who need to lose weight should control their consumption.

four

Croissant honey is a representative of sweet but not fat fruit. It tastes sweet and refreshing, but in fact it is not high in calories. The taste of frozen croissant honey is very similar to that of sandwich ice cream, with crisp outer layer and soft inner core. Children who are greedy for "sandwich ice cream" are worth a try.

five

Grapes are rich in a variety of fruit acids to help digestion, and high levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins are also beneficial to the body. Frozen grapes taste like smoothies, and after melting a little, they look like jelly.

six

Litchi has a high content of vitamin C, which is comparable to citrus fruits. Frozen litchi mixed with pulp with ice residue is very chewy. It should be noted that the sugar content of litchi is also very high. Although a considerable part is fructose, the total amount of glucose and sucrose is not low. Children who need to control sugar should eat less.

seven

Watermelon, a fruit with moisture in off the charts, is a proper popsicle after freezing. It has a rustling taste and melts in your mouth and is full of juice.

eight

Papaya must be softened before freezing. Soft papaya is frozen for one night, slightly warmed up, soft and waxy, with delicate pulp, and there is no ice residue in it, which is biased towards the dense taste of ice cream. After freezing, the fragrance of papaya became more and more full, and the sweetness became refreshing.

nine

Tips:

Fruits with high sweetness and good flavor are delicious when frozen, and the sweetness after freezing is not so greasy. Tropical fruits such as durian, mango and pineapple are generally suitable for frozen eating; On the contrary, the more sour the fruit, the less suitable it is to be frozen. Don’t try fruits like plums, apricots and oranges easily.

Fruits with high fructose content are sweet at low temperature, such as grapes and watermelons, which are sweet and refreshing after freezing; Fruits with high sucrose content have similar sweetness at any temperature, such as dates and peaches, which will not be sweeter after freezing.

There are requirements for "frozen" fruits

Although frozen fruit is delicious, improper operation may "hurt" your body!

Many parents worry that their children think that eating cold food will cause diarrhea. But in fact, sometimes children will feel uncomfortable after eating cold food, which may not be caused by "cold", but there may also be the following reasons:

Food intolerance (or allergy)

Some children have gastrointestinal discomfort after eating certain foods, which is largely due to food allergies. In summer fruits, mangoes and pineapples are allergic foods. In addition to allergies, there may be food intolerance. Some children’s intestines and stomach can’t digest and decompose certain foods, which will cause discomfort such as flatulence, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Eat too much at once

Eating frozen fruit in summer can cool off the heat and quench thirst, so it is easy for children to binge and eat if they are not careful. But in fact, whether it is warm or cold, eating too much is easy to cause indigestion.

Personal constitution

Some children have a fragile stomach. If they have irritable bowel syndrome and are prone to gastroenteritis, eating cold food may cause stomach upset.

In addition, there is one of the most important reasons that must be paid attention to when freezing fruits, that is-

Food is contaminated by germs.

In the process of fruit pretreatment, frozen fruit and thawing, food comes into contact with some microorganisms, causing virus, bacteria and protozoa infection, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in children.

Therefore, I suggest you:

Pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked in pretreatment.

Use clean chopping boards and drinking water when peeling and cleaning. Cutting tools and chopping boards should be separated from raw ones.

If there is room in the refrigerator, you can use a freezer drawer to store frozen fruits. If there is not such a big place, be careful not to put frozen fruits and raw meat products together.

Do a good job of packing and sealing.

Although the microbial reproduction of fruit is slow after freezing, it can be preserved for a long time in theory. However, if the fruit is frozen for too long, it will produce large ice crystals, and many fruits will easily taste bad, which will affect the taste.

Don’t freeze and thaw repeatedly

Repeated freezing and thawing is not only a serious nutrient loss, but also prone to deterioration.

Finally, the frozen fruit can be eaten after 5 to 10 minutes.

Eating fruit should also be divided into time periods

Fruit itself contains different enzymes. If you want enzymes to have different effects in the body, you should also choose the most suitable time to eat.

Don’t eat too sour on an empty stomach.

People with poor gastrointestinal function should not eat fruit in the morning. Bananas are also not suitable for eating on an empty stomach, which will speed up the movement of the stomach and increase the burden on the heart.

Eating fruit between meals can quickly supplement vitamins.

When eating fruit between meals, fructose and glucose in the fruit can be quickly absorbed by the human body. Pineapples can be eaten after lunch, and watermelons are best eaten two hours after meals.

Don’t eat a lot after dinner.

Eating fruit 1 hour after a meal helps digestion, and you can choose fruits with high organic acid content such as pineapple and hawthorn.

But don’t eat a lot of fruit after dinner, which is not good for digestion, and it is easy to turn the sugar into fat and accumulate in the body because of eating too much.

Homemade fruit ice cream

If you want to make ice cream for your child, you must remember the following "formula":

Frozen fruit+yogurt+banana+whipping

Mix frozen fruit, yogurt and bananas, whip them finely, then put them into a mold, and freeze them for 30-40 minutes, and they will become home-made fruit ice cream!

Passion fruit mango flavor ice cream

350g frozen mango meat +60g frozen passion fruit juice +1 banana at room temperature +100g frozen thick yogurt.

Qing ti mi gua Wei ice cream

350g frozen honeydew melon +250g frozen green extract +1 banana at room temperature +100g frozen thick yogurt.

Frozen fruit, in the way of delicious, cool and not fattening, prolongs the taste period of seasonal fruits and also prolongs the happiness in summer.

Parents may wish to give their children a try when they have time!

Source: "Capital Education (id:bjedunews)" Part of the materials in this article are integrated from Life Times and Caicai Food Diary.

ShangguanNo. Author: Oriental Education Times

　　BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Sweet Dong Hanyang) A few days ago, a finless porpoise was floated in Dongting Lake, Yueyang, Hunan Province, with a 20-cm incision on its belly surface and two bricks falling from its tail with a rope. The staff decided that the finless porpoise was either killed and dumped.

　　In the spring of 2012, there was a shocking death of finless porpoises in Dongting Lake, and a total of 12 finless porpoises died.

　　The finless porpoise is known as the "natural smiling spirit". However, the data shows that as of July 2018, the number of finless porpoises is only about 1012, which is less than 60% of that of giant pandas. Now, another "spirit" has disappeared.

　　"70% of the world is covered by water, and our planet is a blue planet." Behind this well-known saying, more than 200,000 species of aquatic animals around the world continue to face survival crisis. Who is the chief culprit of the crisis?

Data map: finless porpoise.

　　Suspect number one: human

　　M.O.: Hunting, slaughtering or keeping in captivity

　　The 2009 documentary "Dolphin Bay" exposed the human who laid hands on dolphins to make money. It is reported that every dolphin caught can sell for up to $150,000.

　　However, the blood in Dolphin Bay "can’t wake people who pretend to sleep". In 2019, the Japanese government officially withdrew from the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and restarted the commercial whaling activities suspended for 31 years.

　　In September, 2019, fishermen’s fishing boats in Taiji Town, Wakayama set sail again. The hunt will last until April 2020.

　　Statistics show that during this time of year, fishermen in Taiji Town will kill 2,000 to 3,000 dolphins. However, scientists have said that dolphin meat is not excellent in taste and nutritional value, and even its mercury content is still high, which is not good for health.

　　The hunter’s hand extends not only to the dolphins.

　　In 2014, three men and women stole 10,375 eggs from the Mexican turtle reserve, which has long been listed as an endangered animal.

　　In 2018, a "whale prison" appeared in the Russian Far East, where 90 beluga whales and 11 killer whales were imprisoned, of which 13 beluga whales were under one year old. Because of human imprisonment, killer whales that could have lived to be 100 years old in nature, most of them can’t live to be 30 years old in captivity.

　　At present, the Russian prosecutor has filed a criminal case against the relevant personnel for "illegal fishing of aquatic biological resources", and the whales in the "whale prison" will be released in three batches.

　　In October 2019, the staff of the protection agency "Dolphin Project" also discovered two dolphins that had been kept in captivity for 15 years in Bali and were badly abused. Because dolphins excrete a lot, the swimming pool in which they are kept is like a "toilet bowl". In order to decontaminate, the hotel adds a lot of chlorine to the water.

　　Among them, the dolphin named Deva was obviously insane, and another dolphin, Johnny, was blind.

　　Fortunately, with the help of the staff of the Dolphin Project, they will regain their freedom and return to the sea.

　　Suspect number two: plastic

　　Modus operandi: Good at "camouflage" and easy to be eaten by animals.

　　In Sardinia, Italy, the body of a pregnant sperm whale was washed ashore. In its belly, plastic garbage weighing 22 kilograms was found.

　　Marianne, a dugong cub from online celebrity, Thailand, died of illness. Officials say it has a small amount of plastic garbage in its stomach.

　　There are nearly 30 undigested plastic bags and other plastic wastes in the stomach of the stranded whale carcass in Norway.

　　Plastic fibers have also been found in the stomachs of crabs in Thames, England. They may have accidentally eaten balloons and sanitary napkins … …

　　Plastic seems to be the terrible "number one killer" in the water. According to statistics, 90% of marine garbage found on the global coastline is related to plastic products. Bottles, straws and food packaging have become "stains" floating in the ocean.

　　Because most animals can’t tell plastic garbage from food, every year, 34% of leatherback turtles die by mistake and swallow plastic bags as jellyfish. And some fish are easily attracted by the smell of dimethyl sulfide emitted by plastic soaked for a long time, and mistakenly regard it as prey.

　　The allen macarthur Foundation of the United Kingdom has predicted that by 2050, the weight of plastic waste in the ocean will catch up with the weight of marine life. What is even more frightening is that plastics cannot be completely degraded in seawater.

　　Suspect number three: noise

　　M.O.: Interfering with the echolocation system, causing a "suicide wave" of whales.

　　On December 8, 2014, six or seven sperm whales lay motionless on the shore of Paarala Sea Beach in York Peninsula, South Australia.

　　The locals said, "I think it’s too late to save them. At 8 o’clock in the morning, one of them was still wagging its tail, but now it’s not moving … …”

　　According to reports, these whales were disturbed by sonar and disoriented before being washed ashore.

　　However, this is not a case. Noise has become a major suspect in killing them.

　　In 2009, nine 12-meter-long sperm whales ran aground on the beach in Puglia, Italy, and five of them died, which may be caused by the noise of military exercises or the exploration of seabed deposits.

　　In July 2002, 66 pilot whales ran aground in Cape Cod Snow, Massachusetts, USA, for the same reason as sonar experiments.

　　In May 1996, 14 swordsmen whales ran aground on the Greek coast, which is believed to be related to a NATO exercise of the US military … …

　　Coled, deputy director of the French La Rochelle Marine Mammal Research Center, once pointed out that the acoustic waves emitted by the sonar and echo sounders of warships and the noise of underwater explosions will cause the echo positioning system of whales to be disordered, which is the main reason why whales collectively rushed to the beach.

　　Animals can’t speak, who will speak for them?

　　Who is chasing these natural "spirits" and creating one tragedy after another?

　　In order to protect human partners, many countries and regions have been acting.

　　China, Britain, the Netherlands and other countries and regions have successively issued plastic restrictions;

　　Canada has specially set up a coastal guard to protect the marine environment;

　　The United Nations has adopted relevant resolutions, proposing that the underwater noise generated by human activities … …

　　Data Map: A poster created by Christian Waters. On the poster, you can see that the turtle’s shell is hollowed out, its body is full of garbage, the sea lion is suffocated by a plastic garbage bag, and the sea fish suffocates after swallowing fine particles. Image source: WWF website.

　　Documentary director rob stewart has witnessed the bloody scene of illegal whaling, and has since stopped aiming at the dreamy underwater world. Many of the information he photographed on the impact of illegal shark fin trading, after being made public, directly promoted the process of the Costa Rican government’s introduction of relevant laws.

　　Christian Waters, an advertising designer, saw that there was a lot of garbage left on the beautiful beach, so he began to study the influence of marine garbage on animals, and finally created a public service advertisement, which was promoted by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

　　Waters said that animals can’t speak, so humans must speak for them.

　　— — Protecting the blue planet is also a natural "elf" peace and harmony. Do you want to join us?

　　　In order to improve the filing system of animal pathogenic microorganism laboratories and further standardize the filing contents and procedures of low-level animal pathogenic microorganism laboratories, our bureau organized and drafted the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Filing of Low-level Animal Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratories (Draft). On the basis of soliciting opinions from provincial agricultural and rural departments in the early stage, a draft for comments was formed, and now it is open to the public for comments again. Please send your comments back to our bureau in writing or by email before November 11, 2023.

　　Email: xmjwjch@agri.gov.cn　

　　Chuanzhen: 010-59192869　

　　Mailing address: International Cooperation Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No.11 Nanli, Agricultural Exhibition Hall, Chaoyang District, Beijing (postal code: 100125)　

　　　Attachment: Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Filing of Laboratory of Low-grade Animal Pathogenic Microbes (Draft for Comment)　

　

　　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Agriculture and Rural Ministry Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau　

　　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 October 10, 2023　

　　At 12: 12 on January 19th, China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, affiliated to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, successfully launched the Long March 11th solid launch vehicle with one arrow and six stars, which was the first time that China’s solid launch vehicle provided launch services to international users.

　　People’s vision

　　Not long ago, American Space Exploration Company’s Falcon heavy rocket was successfully launched for the first time, and a Tesla electric sports car was sent into space. This gimmick has attracted the attention of the public, and the technical characteristics of the Falcon heavy rocket have also caused a heated discussion in the global space industry and pushed commercial space into the public eye.

　　So, what changes will commercial aerospace bring to the human space field? What impact will it have on China Aerospace?

　　During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the total space industry market in China will reach 800 billion yuan.

　　In recent years, China’s commercial space activities have continued, and good news has spread frequently. If 2015 is the first year of China’s commercial aerospace development, then it can be said that commercial aerospace has ushered in spring in 2018.

　　In January this year, the Long March 11 solid launch vehicle was launched for the first time, which means that China’s solid launch vehicle began to provide launch services for international users.

　　Yang Yiqiang, commander-in-chief of the Chang 11 rocket, believes that "the success of the launch mission means that the commercial launch service process and configuration of the Chang 11 rocket will be further improved, which will provide more and better choices for the launch of many commercial satellites."

　　"Commercial aerospace is a market-oriented aerospace activity with a commercial profit model." Zhang Qin, vice president of the Fourth Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, thinks.

　　According to the Aerospace Report released by the American Aerospace Foundation in 2016, the global aerospace economy in 2015 reached 335.3 billion US dollars, of which commercial aerospace accounted for 76%. According to experts’ prediction, by 2020, the global space industry market will reach US$ 485 billion, corresponding to the China market, which will reach 800 billion yuan during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

　　For this reason, it is becoming a unanimous choice for all countries in the world to find a suitable business operation model and expand and share the valuable "cake" of commercial aerospace.

　　Some private enterprises in China have actively participated in commercial aerospace. In January this year, Beijing Blue Arrow Space Technology Co., Ltd. signed a rocket launch service agreement with Danish enterprises, which is the first commercial rocket launch service order in the international market undertaken by domestic private commercial aerospace enterprises.

　　"The core advantages of private commercial aerospace are rapid decision-making and rapid technical iteration." Zhang Changwu, CEO of Beijing Blue Arrow, said that he will focus on verifying the reliability of technology in the next two years, and introduce a more perfect competition mechanism to reduce costs through wider selection of materials and more open technical cooperation.

　　In addition to commercial launch, in the field of space tourism, private commercial space flight has also made new progress. Beijing Golden Ocean Aerospace Company has previously demonstrated China’s first commercial skydiving suit. According to the developer, the suit has the functions of vacuum protection, thermal protection, communication between heaven and earth, positioning and so on. At present, it has passed the laboratory simulation test and can be used in complex environments such as stratosphere and space.

　　Previously, China Aerospace Science and Technology Rocket Technology Co., Ltd. raised 1.2 billion yuan of social capital in the A round of capital increase, which injected a strong impetus into commercial aerospace and also played a good demonstration role. The investor’s representative lamented: This subverted the previous impression that scientific and technological personnel were "chasing" investors with projects, and fully reflected the charm of "hard technology" innovation.

　　Up to now, China has successfully launched dozens of commercial satellites. In 2018, China will also make efforts in many fields of commercial aerospace. Yin Liming, president of Great Wall Company, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that in 2018, Great Wall Company will ensure the completion of domestic commercial launch missions such as Hongyan’s first star, No.1 01 star and global change scientific experimental satellite.

　　"Commercial aerospace, as a new format with strong technological innovation, high economic quality and efficiency and both military and civilian attributes, is an important carrier for implementing the national integration of defense and civilian technologies strategy and maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets, and is an extremely important and new growth pole for China’s economic development. Under the background of economic and technological globalization, highly developed commercial aerospace is one of the important symbols of world-class aerospace companies and aerospace powers. " Yang Baohua, deputy general manager of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, believes.

　　According to industry estimates, for every dollar invested in the commercial aerospace field, it can boost investment of 7 to 14 dollars.

　　The commercial aerospace model can meet the needs of customers with low cost, high efficiency and high reliability.

　　"The commercial aerospace model can meet the needs of customers with low cost, high efficiency and high reliability, which has an important role in promoting the rapid development of space tourism and even the entire space technology." Pang Zhihao, executive editor of International Space magazine, said.

　　Liu Shiquan, deputy general manager of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group Co., Ltd., introduced the Falcon — The 9 "rocket has lowered the price of commercial launch by an order of magnitude. The same falcon — 9 "rocket, developed by NASA, costs at least $1.3 billion, while commercial companies only spend less than $400 million.

　　While the cost is reduced, the efficiency is also obviously improved. Liu Shiquan said that the first is to shorten the development cycle, "Falcon — 9 "It took only four and a half years from design to first flight; Secondly, the acceleration of technological innovation, "Falcon — 9 "A series of reusable rocket tests were carried out, and both land and offshore platform recovery tests were successful. "Commercial aerospace management institutions have implemented flat management, which has greatly shortened the management chain."

　　Liang Jiqiu, chief designer of Kuaizhou rocket of China Aerospace Science and Technology Rocket Technology Co., Ltd., said that in international commercial launch, the asking price of a rocket carrying a kilogram load is 25,000 to 30,000 US dollars, while the price of Kuaizhou 11 per kilogram load is only 10,000 US dollars. Through scientific and technological innovation, the take-off quality of Kuaizhou series rockets is reduced by about 20 tons compared with similar products, and this alone can directly reduce the launch cost by more than 10 million yuan. This makes this series of rockets truly a "commodity", not just a "product".

　　Commercial rockets with high cost performance will become "space vehicles", making it possible for ordinary people to travel in space.

　　As an ordinary person, what services can you enjoy in commercial aerospace?

　　Dr. Zhang Baoqing from Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information and Information believes that navigation satellites are obviously the closest service to consumers. In China, Beidou satellite navigation system attaches great importance to the consumer market, and Beidou navigation service has been applied to quite a few types of mobile phones. The industry believes that Beidou will achieve the annual output value target of 400 billion yuan in 2020.

　　High-resolution Earth observation constellation can be used to detect the changes of oil and coal production, transportation and storage, monitor the operation of large power plants, and provide objective and accurate decision-making reference data for energy enterprises.

　　Zhang Yong believes that cost-effective commercial rockets will become "space vehicles", opening the door to space travel for everyone, and ordinary people may also have a chance to travel in space.

　　"So far, China’s aerospace data application industry chain has not yet formed, and the depth of space resource value mining is not enough." In the view of Li Jinxiang, deputy chief engineer of China Electronics Technology Group, China’s commercial aerospace can do better. "At present, the commercial distribution, sales and data classification standards of aerospace data are not clear, which makes aerospace data scattered in various departments, resources are difficult to share, and applications are in a fragmented state."

　　Li Jinxiang suggested that relevant national policies and regulations on the commercial application of national commercial aerospace data should be promulgated as soon as possible, military and civilian aerospace resources should be developed as a whole, and a national-level aerospace data application service system should be established, so that the aerospace industry can explore a business operation mode that is closer to the people, serves life and is profitable.

　　Relevant experts also agree to speed up the legislation of commercial aerospace, break the shackles of commercial aerospace development through legal system innovation and governance mechanism reform, and ensure that different market players are equally protected by law.

　　Yang Tianliang, a researcher at Sanya Research Center, Institute of Remote Sensing Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the development ideas and specific paths of commercial aerospace must be considered in the context of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development. We should not only change our concepts and realize that space technology and industry can serve both national defense and people’s livelihood, but also formulate policies and measures to promote the development of commercial space and support the development of private space enterprises.