Questioning ＂Prevention＂ and ＂Treatment＂ of Infectious Diseases

eight moon29 On the morning of, the 4th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) held a joint meeting to make a special inquiry about the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the implementation of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the State Council. The prevention and control of infectious diseases has always been an important part of public health, especially in recent years.2003Since the outbreak of SARS in, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China has experienced several major tests. Like the flu, fromH5N1 Bird flu to AH1N1 The flu, and then to the nearest one.H7N9 Bird flu is a challenge every time, and the intensity of infectious disease prevention and control work and the improvement of coping mechanism are also becoming more and more perfect and obedient in every challenge.Rong. At the same time, the new problems of infectious disease prevention and control caused by the new social situation can not be ignored. The report submitted by the State Council to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation summarized the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the implementation of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the past decade.2004 Since, the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in China has been generally stable, and the annual reported incidence and mortality of Class A and B infectious diseases have been controlled respectively.272 ／10 Wanhe1.25 ／10 Below ten thousand. Major infectious diseases have been effectively controlled. Among them, the epidemic situation of AIDS is generally at a low epidemic level, the prevalence rate and mortality rate of smear-positive tuberculosis have dropped significantly, and the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis has dropped to the lowest level in history. At the same time, it has effectively dealt with highly pathogenic avian influenza and A.H1N1 Outbreaks of new infectious diseases such as influenza. In addition, the ability of monitoring and early warning of infectious diseases is also constantly strengthening. Most medical and health institutions have realized real-time online direct reporting of legal infectious diseases, and the average time for medical and health institutions to report step by step after discovery and diagnosis has changed from before direct reporting.five The days are shortened to the present.four hour

Member He Yehui raised an inquiry.      Member Chen Weiwen asked.    Member Feng Changgen asked.

In the first half of this year, in the face of new human infections,H7N9 The epidemic situation of avian influenza has been effectively controlled by rapid action and scientific response from various localities and departments, and has been positively evaluated by the World Health Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health. But at the same time, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in China is still facing a grim situation. The first is the double pressure from traditional infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases. Nearly ten yearsIn recent years, there is a new infectious disease in China almost every one to two years. It is difficult to find and diagnose many new infectious diseases in the early stage, and the early mortality rate is high. Secondly, the large-scale population movement has also increased the difficulty of prevention and control work. Floating population is easy to be susceptible to infectious diseases,2012 In, imported cases accounted for the majority of malaria cases reported in China.91.1%. In addition, changes in the environment, production and lifestyle have also increased the complexity of the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

The special inquiry on the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the implementation of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases is the first special inquiry held in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The right of inquiry is an important supervisory power entrusted by law to the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and thematic inquiry is different from general inquiry, with clearer theme and more substantive content.

How to curb the spread of tuberculosis infection?

Tuberculosis is an old infectious disease, and now the number of new tuberculosis cases in China is about100 Ten thousand, which is equivalent to two new cases of tuberculosis every minute, can’t be underestimated. In this special inquiry, some members asked what effective prevention and control measures the government has taken to curb the spread of tuberculosis infectious diseases.

Li Bin, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, replied that tuberculosis is a traditional infectious disease and a major public health problem facing the whole world. China is one of the countries with high burden of tuberculosis, and the party and government have always attached great importance to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.80 Since the 1990 s, China has continuously implemented three ten-year plans for tuberculosis prevention and control, and now the fourth plan is being implemented.

Li Bin introduced that the central government has specially arranged special prevention and treatment expenses for tuberculosis, from2004 Free treatment for ordinary pulmonary tuberculosis patients began in, which has accumulated to1013 Ten thousand tuberculosis patients received free treatment. By this year, there will be another one in the country.7.5 Ten thousand rural drug-resistant tuberculosis patients have also included their treatment costs in the new rural cooperative medical system. In addition, improve the prevention and control mode and improve the prevention and control ability. In the past ten years, the newly discovered smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients are40 More than 10 thousand cases, the cure rate is in90%Above. from2008 Since 2000, a standardized treatment pilot for multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients has been carried out among high-risk groups, and the coverage of this treatment pilot city has reached.91 A city. The key population, including floating population tuberculosis patients, also receive free diagnosis and treatment. In view of schools, which are prone to cluster epidemics, we should pay attention to publicity and education, physical examination, epidemic report and disposal, and implement the main responsibility of schools. At the same time, carry out applied research. Since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis has been included in major scientific research projects, mainly to develop the rapid diagnosis technology of tuberculosis, the application and development of drugs and new vaccine technologies, and improve the level of prevention and treatment.

"The next step is to further improve the prevention and control ability in accordance with the requirements of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, emphasize the implementation of control strategies, improve the quality of prevention and control, and increase efforts to enable patients to find and standardize treatment at an early stage. At the same time, increase social publicity and education, so that every citizen knows how to prevent tuberculosis and enhance the awareness of self-prevention. Vigorously publicize and prevent key populations and schools and other easy places. In addition, efforts should be made to tackle key problems in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, and the safeguard policies and mechanisms should be further implemented. We strive to control the harm of tuberculosis to people’s health to a minimum, do this work well and protect people’s health. " Li Bin said.

How to prevent and control the cross-border spread of diseases?

In the past ten years, a new infectious disease has appeared in China almost every year, and the spread of new infectious diseases depends largely on the flow of population, including the flow of cross-border people. For example,2008 In 2006, a new mosquito species was found to have settled here during a monitoring at Ruili Port in Yunnan. This mosquito can carry viruses such as yellow fever and dengue fever.

Some members asked, what are the characteristics of cross-border spread of infectious diseases in China? How to prevent and control infectious diseases in China’s border ports and border areas? What other loopholes are there?

"I’ll talk about loopholes first. Now China’s ports should pay more attention to health and epidemic prevention in general, but the development is uneven. Some large ports, airports and coastal ports, and some large land ports should be said to have strong health and epidemic prevention capabilities, but now mainly some temporary ports and seasonal ports have poor foundations, lack of equipment and personnel, and there are still relatively big hidden dangers. " Zhi Shuping, director of AQSIQ, replied.

"Now the risk of cross-border spread of infectious diseases in the world is becoming more and more serious. According to relevant experts, the newly discovered pathogens of infectious diseases in the world are now infected nearly.40Species, half of which have been found in China. China now has a long border, especially a long land border, such as Yunnan, Guangxi and Xinjiang, which are bordered by countries with complex epidemic situations. Now, the medical foundation is weak, multi-ethnic groups gather, border people have frequent exchanges, supervision is difficult, and the risk of cross-border spread of diseases is relatively high. "Zhi Shuping said.

Li Guoying, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, answered questions and Wang Guoqiang, Deputy Director of the Health Planning Commission, answered questions.  Zhang Mao, Director of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, answered questions.

How to defend against zoonosis?

The complexity of infectious disease prevention and control brought by changes in environment, production and lifestyle is a major challenge for infectious disease prevention and control. For example, in some areas, the less optimistic environmental conditions and traditional production and lifestyle make some zoonotic diseases continue to occur. In recent years, bird flu has occurred every spring, from2003 AnnualH5N1 The outbreak,arrive2004 Years,2005 Year after year.H1N9、H9N2, and then to this year’sH7N9. The virus is constantly mutating, and the phenomenon of bird-to-bird transmission has begun to appear. If the virus mutates again, whether there will be human-to-human transmission in the next step has always worried everyone. How to supervise from the source has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Some members asked what specific management measures are there for the urban live poultry market in terms of preventing animal-borne infectious diseases? How to further improve it in the future?

"Now China’s annual slaughter of poultry is probably140 About 100 million birds, Chinese consumes a lot of poultry, and many poultry are farmed by farmers’ families, which is large and scattered. At the same time, the sales of poultry raised by farmers in the bazaars are random. On the other hand, Chinese’s habit of eating live birds and fresh things, which has been cultivated for many years, can hardly be fundamentally changed in a short time. Zhang Yong, director of the Food and Drug Administration, said that in view of these problems, the Food and Drug Administration will actively cooperate with relevant departments in accordance with the law, further improve the code of conduct and supervision of live poultry business in the market, effectively strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and take some targeted measures. First, in view of the momentum of frequent cases of human infection caused by infectious diseases of poultry, we should actively implement the measures of "fixed-point slaughter of poultry and listing of white-striped poultry" in the live poultry market in cities to reduce live poultry on-site transactions. First of all, it will be promoted in large and medium-sized cities and places with high population density. The second is to strengthen publicity and education, and actively advocate a safer way of poultry food consumption. Third, according to the deployment of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council, we are working with relevant departments to revise the food safety law, and will conduct special research on issues such as the quality management of poultry market transactions, and strive to further clarify relevant management regulations and requirements at the legislative level.

"As a market supervision and law enforcement department, the industrial and commercial department has been actively cooperating with relevant departments to strengthen the prevention and control of animal epidemics in the live poultry market according to the requirements of emergency regulations on major animal epidemics." Zhang Mao, director of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, said that especially this year, all departments jointly prevented people from being infected.H7N9 In the epidemic work of avian influenza, we participated in the prevention and control work according to the requirements of the joint prevention and control mechanism, and mainly did three tasks. First, according to the decision of the local government, participate in the work of closing the live poultry market. Second, actively cooperate with relevant departments to urge market promoters to implement various prevention and control measures, and increase publicity on laws, regulations, measures and knowledge of prevention and control policies. Third, based on the functions of industry and commerce, strengthen daily market supervision according to law. In the next step, SAIC will continue to guide local industrial and commercial departments to give full play to their advantages in working closely with the market, actively cooperate with relevant departments, do a good job in market supervision of various live poultry markets according to their duties, and strengthen the joint efforts to prevent animal-borne infectious diseases in the market.

In addition, responsible persons of relevant departments in the State Council also answered questions from the members of the Standing Committee on the hygienic status of drinking water in rural areas, medical assistance for people with difficulties in emerging infectious diseases, support policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in poverty-stricken areas in western China, publicity and education on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and the construction of teams for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

It has been more than three years since the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) made a special inquiry about the special work in the State Council.2010 yearsix Since the first special inquiry in June, it has been the first time.10 Field, the central final accounts, national food security, deepening the reform of medical and health system, affordable housing construction and other related areas of hot spots and focus issues were once the contents of the inquiry, and also reflected the general concern of the broad masses of the people, so that the government and relevant departments can improve their work in a targeted manner and promote the solution of practical problems. (Our reporter)/Zhang Baoshan This article photography/Li Jie)